Social · Inequality

Inequality and poverty

Inequality is the multiplier on every other crisis. The same heat, pollution and water stress produce radically different outcomes depending on who can buy cooling, filtration, clean water and relocation. Stratification — not the hazard alone — decides who survives well.

~700M
people still live in extreme poverty (<$2.15/day)
World Bank
~1%
richest hold nearly half of all global wealth
World Inequality Report
10×
income gap: top vs bottom 50% of earners globally
WIR 2022
~3.3B
live in countries that spend more on debt interest than health or education
UNDP

Inequality explorer

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Global wealth held by each group (%)
The bottom half of humanity holds about 2% of global wealth.
Source: World Inequality Report.

Poverty is multidimensional

Income is only one axis. The Multidimensional Poverty Index counts overlapping deprivations — and the most common is the lack of clean cooking fuel, which ties poverty directly back to indoor air pollution.

DeprivationShare of poor affected
Cooking fuel84%
Sanitation71%
Housing68%
Drinking water44%
Electricity40%
Nutrition53%
School attendance28%

Why it couples

This is why the index treats stratified allocation as a Tier I problem in its own right: who gets the buffer is as decisive as how large the hazard grows. See the mitigation framework for the allocation lever.